Cyber Resilience

CVE-2014-6278

RCE in Gnu Bash 1.14.0 … 4.3

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
30 September 2014
Modified
22 April 2026
KEV Added
02 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 90 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2014-6278 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Gnu Bash. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables. The affected component is the Bash shell itself, and the issue is explicitly noted as resulting from an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277. The weakness is classified under CWE-78.

Remote attackers can supply a crafted environment to execute arbitrary commands. Exploitation is feasible across privilege boundaries in scenarios that include the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts run by unspecified DHCP clients, and similar situations where environment variables are populated before Bash executes.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 with an attack vector of network, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd,…

more

the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
02 October 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-28617Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2023-27985Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2025-43920Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2014-6271Same product: Gnu Bashboth on KEV
CVE-2014-7169Same product: Gnu Bashboth on KEV
CVE-2023-39780Shared CWE-78both on KEV
CVE-2021-20035Shared CWE-78both on KEV
CVE-2026-39808Shared CWE-78both on KEV
CVE-2023-49897Shared CWE-78both on KEV
CVE-2024-6047Shared CWE-78both on KEV

Affected Assets

gnu
bash
1.14.0, 1.14.1, 1.14.2, 1.14.3, 1.14.4

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References