Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-0654

Cloudflare Warp ≤ 6.29

Published
29 August 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 3.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0020 10th percentile
Risk Priority 31 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-0654 is a low-severity Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames (CWE-1021) vulnerability in Cloudflare Warp. Its CVSS base score is 3.9 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Drive-by Compromise (T1189); ranked at the 10th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A06:2025 Insecure Design

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Due to a misconfiguration, the WARP Mobile Client (< 6.29) for Android was susceptible to a tapjacking attack. In the event that an attacker built a malicious application and managed to install it on a victim's device, the attacker would…

more

be able to trick the user into believing that the app shown on the screen was the WARP client when in reality it was the attacker's app.

CWE(s)
CWE-1021

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing.
attack.mitre.org →
T1056 Input Capture Collection
Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-3747Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2023-2754Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2023-1862Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2023-0652Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2025-0651Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2023-0238Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2023-1412Same product: Cloudflare Warp
CVE-2026-10733Shared CWE-1021
CVE-2023-20913Shared CWE-1021
CVE-2026-12348Shared CWE-1021

Affected Assets

cloudflare
warp
≤ 6.29

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require implementing frame-ancestors / X-Frame-Options controls that prevent this weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing can detect missing frame protections, but does not itself implement the control.

A.8.23 Web filtering partial match
degrades

Web filtering can block or sandbox untrusted frames, but does not enforce application-level frame-busting or CSP.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can mandate frame-ancestors / X-Frame-Options, directly addressing UI redressing risks.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles include isolation of UI layers and proper use of browser security controls.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding practices directly require implementation of frame-busting headers or CSP frame-ancestors directives.

References