Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2023-20128 is a high-severity Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters (CWE-146) vulnerability in Cisco Rv320 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
Multiple vulnerabilities affect the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Dual Gigabit WAN VPN Routers. These issues stem from insufficient validation of user-supplied input and could permit command injection on the underlying Linux operating system, with a CVSS score of 7.2 under CWE-78 and CWE-146.
An authenticated remote attacker possessing valid Administrator credentials could send crafted input to an affected device and execute arbitrary commands as the root user, achieving full control over the device operating system. No unauthenticated exploitation path is described.
The referenced Cisco Security Advisory states that no software updates have been released to address the vulnerabilities and provides no additional mitigation steps beyond restricting administrative access.
EPSS for this CVE rose from low values to a peak of 0.1712 before receding to the current 0.0325, indicating a period of increased exploitation interest after disclosure.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2023-24307
Vulnerability Data
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Dual Gigabit WAN VPN Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device.…
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These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending malicious input to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands as the root user on the underlying Linux operating system of the affected device. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid Administrator credentials on the affected device. Cisco has not released software updates to address these vulnerabilities.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.2.5V1.2.8V15.2.5
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly require input neutralization to prevent delimiter/command injection.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect the weakness but does not prevent it by itself.
Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and output encoding that directly neutralizes expression/command delimiters.
Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection and delimiter-based attacks.
Secure architecture principles reduce attack surface but do not prescribe delimiter neutralization.
Secure coding standards require proper neutralization of special elements, directly eliminating this weakness.