CVE-2023-28118
Kaml Project Kaml ≤ 0.53.0
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HSummary
CVE-2023-28118 is a high-severity XML Entity Expansion (CWE-776) vulnerability in Kaml Project Kaml. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Endpoint Denial of Service (T1499); ranked in the top 41% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2023-0975
Vulnerability Data
kaml provides YAML support for kotlinx.serialization. Prior to version 0.53.0, applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash. Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing…
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anchors and aliases. There are no known workarounds.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly prevent introduction of improper recursive entity handling in XML code.
Hardened configuration baselines can disable or limit DTD entity expansion in XML parsers.
Identifying and recording vulnerabilities can discover XML entity expansion flaws before exploitation.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect and block XML entity-expansion vulnerabilities before deployment.
Secure SDLC mandates input validation and parser hardening that can prevent unbounded entity expansion.
Application security requirements can explicitly call for limits on XML entity recursion and DTD processing.
Secure architecture principles discourage unsafe parser configurations that enable entity expansion attacks.
Secure coding standards directly require disabling or restricting recursive entity references in XML parsers.