Security Resilience

CVE-2023-28964

Juniper Junos ≤ 18.1

Published
17 April 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0065 50th percentile
Risk Priority 58 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-28964 is a high-severity Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency (CWE-130) vulnerability in Juniper Junos. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Junk Data (T1001.001); ranked at the 50th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a network based, unauthenticated attacker to cause an RPD crash leading to a Denial of Service…

more

(DoS). Continued receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. Upon receipt of a malformed BGP flowspec update, RPD will crash resulting in a Denial of Service. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS: All versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S6; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S4; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S6; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S4; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R3-S1; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R3-S1; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R1-S1, 20.3R2; Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.1R3-EVO; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2-EVO; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2-EVO;

CWE(s)
CWE-130NVD-CWE-Other

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001.001 Junk Data Command And Control
Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.001 LSASS Memory Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS).
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.002 Security Account Manager Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking.
attack.mitre.org →
T1006 Direct Volume Access Stealth
Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-52949Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2026-21908Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2025-30646Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2025-52946Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2024-30395Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2024-39558Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2025-59959Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2024-39543Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2025-30653Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2023-44182Same product: Juniper Junos

Affected Assets

juniper
junos
18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 19.1 · ≤ 18.1
juniper
junos os evolved
20.1, 20.2, 20.3 · ≤ 20.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V3.5.5
  • V4.2.1
  • V4.2.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 partial match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly enforce length validation and input sanitization during coding and review.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.19 Installation of software on operational systems partial match
removes
A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
blocks

Secure development lifecycle mandates input validation and length checks that directly address inconsistent length fields.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
blocks

Application security requirements include explicit rules for handling message lengths and data structures.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
blocks

A.8.27 mandates security-by-design, defence-in-depth, distrust-external-input, secure session control, data validation/sanitisation and design reviews against known attack patterns; these reach a minority slice of length-parameter inconsistencies (especially where they surface as input-handling or parsing flaws) but leave the bulk of protocol/message-parsing bugs untouched.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards directly prohibit improper length handling and enforce defensive parsing practices.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance partial match
finds

Security testing in development can detect length-inconsistency vulnerabilities before deployment.

References