Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-3368

RCE in Chamilo ≤ 1.11.20

Public PoCHigh EPSSRCECommand Injection
Published
28 November 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.69 99.3th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-3368 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Chamilo Chamilo. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Chamilo LMS versions up to and including 1.11.20 contain a command injection vulnerability in the file /main/webservices/additional_webservices.php. The flaw stems from improper neutralization of special characters and is tracked as CWE-78 with a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8. It permits unauthenticated remote code execution and is explicitly described as a bypass of the earlier CVE-2023-34960.

An attacker with no credentials can send crafted requests over the network to the affected endpoint, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the server with full impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Public references include multiple commits in the Chamilo LMS repository that implement the fix, along with detailed advisories from Star Labs and the Chamilo support wiki that outline the issue and remediation steps for administrators. The associated EPSS score has reached a peak of 0.9377 with a current value of 0.8895.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Command injection in `/main/webservices/additional_webservices.php` in Chamilo LMS <= v1.11.20 allows unauthenticated attackers to obtain remote code execution via improper neutralisation of special characters. This is a bypass of CVE-2023-34960.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-34960Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-3533Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-39061Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-3545Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-37067Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-37062Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-37066Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-37063Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-37064Same product: Chamilo Chamilo
CVE-2023-37065Same product: Chamilo Chamilo

Affected Assets

chamilo
chamilo
≤ 1.11.20

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References