Security Resilience

CVE-2023-36407

Microsoft Windows 11 21H2 ≤ 10.0.22000.2600

Published
14 November 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.017 77th percentile
Risk Priority 68 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-36407 is a high-severity Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 11 21H2. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, ranked in the top 23% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Windows Hyper-V contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability tracked as CVE-2023-36407. The flaw is rated 7.8 under CVSS 3.1 with an attack vector of local access, low complexity, low privileges, and no user interaction, allowing an authenticated local attacker to obtain high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It is associated with CWE-20 improper input validation.

A local attacker who already possesses a low-privileged account on an affected Hyper-V host can exploit the issue to escalate rights and potentially take full control of the virtualization stack and underlying system. The vulnerability was disclosed on 14 November 2023.

Microsoft has published guidance for the vulnerability at its Security Response Center, including details on available patches and recommended mitigations for supported Windows versions. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.1609 with no material increase observed since publication.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Hyper-V Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-36406Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-20684Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-26170Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-30002Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-29998Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-21316Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-20659Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-38043Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-38047Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2025-21235Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 22H2

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 11 21h2
≤ 10.0.22000.2600
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.2715
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.2715
microsoft
windows server 2022
all versions
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.531

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and developer training directly verify and enforce proper input validation, reducing exploitability of injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and evaluation at multiple SDLC stages directly detects missing or flawed input validation, with the required remediation process ensuring fixes are applied.

addresses: CWE-20

Directly implements checks on information inputs to reject invalid data before processing.

addresses: CWE-20

Spam protection mechanisms perform filtering and detection on inbound/outbound messages, directly compensating for missing or weak input validation of unsolicited content.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

blocks

A.8.25 mandates security requirements, secure coding guidelines, checkpoints, testing (incl. code scans) and developer training in the SDLC, which reaches a slice of input validation defects but leaves the majority (incomplete enforcement, second-order inputs, parser differentials, post-validation canonicalization) unaddressed as in the SA-3 and A.8.28 anchors.

blocks

Mandating input controls that include integrity checks and input validation ensures that untrusted data is examined before use, blocking the root cause of many injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

blocks

Security-by-design principles explicitly call for data validation and sanitization at every layer, reducing the chance that malformed or malicious input will be processed without scrutiny.

prevents

Requiring language-specific secure coding standards, peer review, SAST and documented mitigation of common programming errors forces validation of all inputs before they are trusted.

finds

Testing against a defined set of requirements and using code review plus vulnerability scanning forces validation of inputs and handling of unanticipated conditions, reducing the chance that malformed data will be accepted.

Hardening callouts derived

DISA STIG baselines are authored against specific weaknesses. Where this CVE cites a broad weakness class, the mapping is not asserted at that abstraction (owner ruling, 2026-09-25: grade only at Base and below), so no rule is shown here rather than a rule shown against the wrong grain.

  • No fine-grained STIG row for CWE-20, a class-level weakness, and none of its children carries one either.

References