Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-38146

Race Condition in Microsoft Windows 11 21H2 ≤ 10.0.22000.2416

Public PoCRace Condition
Published
12 September 2023
Modified
01 January 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.39 98th percentile
Risk Priority 87 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-38146 is a high-severity Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 11 21H2. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SI-3 (Malicious Code Protection) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-38146 is a remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Themes component. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 with an attack vector of network, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and required user interaction, resulting in high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The weakness is associated with CWE-367.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the flaw by supplying a malicious theme to a target user, achieving arbitrary code execution on the affected Windows system. The attack requires the victim to interact with the theme file or resource, after which the attacker gains full control equivalent to the user’s privileges.

Microsoft’s security advisory at msrc.microsoft.com details available patches and mitigation guidance for the issue. Public references also include proof-of-concept material demonstrating arbitrary code execution via Windows 11 themes.

The EPSS score for this CVE stands at 0.8646, indicating substantial exploitation interest following disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Themes Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

Likely ATT&CK TechniquesAI

Techniques this vulnerability likely enables, inferred from its description, weakness type, and attributed-actor tradecraft. Confidence is per-technique.

T1204.002 Malicious File Executionconfidence: HIGH
Malicious theme file must be opened or interacted with by the victim to trigger RCE.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Executionconfidence: HIGH
Exploitation of the client-side Windows Themes component leads directly to code execution.
T1566.002 Spearphishing Link Initial Accessconfidence: MEDIUM
Malicious theme can be delivered via a crafted link that the victim opens.
inferred from description + CWE · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-24902Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2023-38150Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2023-36898Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-35265Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-26218Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2024-38186Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2023-33154Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2023-38141Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2023-35634Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2
CVE-2023-35298Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 21H2

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 11 21h2
≤ 10.0.22000.2416
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.2275

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-3 Malicious Code Protection
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • SI-7 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-7 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V15.4.2
  • V17.2.6

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly blocks execution of the malicious theme file that delivers the RCE payload.

prevent

Requires prompt application of the vendor patch that eliminates the Themes component flaw.

preventdetect

Verifies integrity of theme resources and system files to stop or detect tampering used in the attack.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly include coding standards and reviews that prevent TOCTOU race conditions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

none

Reliable, synchronized time across systems narrows the exploitable window in which a resource state can change between a security check and its use.

References