Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-40144

RCE in Cbc Nr4H Firmware

Published
23 August 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.021 81th percentile
Risk Priority 73 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-40144 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Cbc Nr4H Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 19% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-40144 is an OS command injection vulnerability, tracked under CWE-78, that affects certain CBC-branded products including Digimaster and Pixelmaster lines. The flaw permits execution of arbitrary operating-system commands or modification of device settings; the vendor lists specific affected versions while noting that the NR4H, NR8H, NR16H, DR-16F, DR-8F, DR-4F, DR-16H, DR-8H, DR-4H, and DR-4M41 series are end-of-life and receive no updates.

A remote attacker who already possesses valid credentials can exploit the issue over the network without user interaction, obtaining high-impact effects on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the target device. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 reflects this authenticated but otherwise low-complexity attack path.

Vendor advisories published on ganzsecurity.com and coordinated through JVN recommend applying the fixes referenced in the security notices for supported models; unsupported products have no remediation path available. The associated EPSS score reached a peak of 0.1013 before receding to its current value of 0.0809, indicating modest and non-persistent external interest after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OS command injection vulnerability in the CBC products allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command on the device or alter its settings. As for the affected products/versions, see the detailed information provided by the vendor. Note…

more

that NR4H, NR8H, NR16H series and DR-16F, DR-8F, DR-4F, DR-16H, DR-8H, DR-4H, DR-4M41 series are no longer supported, therefore updates for those products are not provided.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-38585Same product: Cbc Dr-16F42A
CVE-2023-40158Same product: Cbc Dr-16F42A
CVE-2025-8628Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-22836Shared CWE-78
CVE-2023-25826Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-65590Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-72880Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-28125Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-9207Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-33145Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

cbc
nr4h firmware
all versions
cbc
nr8h firmware
all versions
cbc
nr16h firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-16f42a firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-16f45at firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-8f42a firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-8f45at firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-4fx1 firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-16h firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-8h firmware
all versions
+13 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References