Security Resilience

CVE-2023-4873

Command Injection in Byzoro Smart S45F Firmware ≤ 20230906

Public PoCCommand Injection
Published
10 September 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
CVSS Score v3.1 6.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.22 98th percentile
Risk Priority 74 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-4873 is a medium-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Byzoro Smart S45F Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 6.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique NTDS (T1003.003); ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A vulnerability classified as OS command injection was identified in the Byzoro Smart S45F Multi-Service Secure Gateway Intelligent Management Platform up to version 20230906. The flaw resides in an unknown function within the /importexport.php file, where manipulation of the sql argument allows arbitrary command execution and is tracked as CWE-78 with the identifier VDB-239358.

An attacker with low-privileged remote access can supply crafted input to the affected parameter and execute operating system commands on the target device, resulting in partial impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The issue carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 6.3 and an exploit that has already been published publicly.

The associated EPSS score reached a peak of 0.0702 with a current value of 0.0515; references point to public disclosure of proof-of-concept code but contain no vendor advisory or patch details.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Byzoro Smart S45F Multi-Service Secure Gateway Intelligent Management Platform up to 20230906. Affected is an unknown function of the file /importexport.php. The manipulation of the argument sql leads to os…

more

command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-239358 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1003.003 NTDS Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights.
attack.mitre.org →
T1007 System Service Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services.
attack.mitre.org →
T1010 Application Window Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows.
attack.mitre.org →
T1021.004 SSH Lateral Movement
Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
T1021.008 Direct Cloud VM Connections Lateral Movement
Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
T1027.001 Binary Padding Stealth
Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-5494Same product: Byzoro Smart S45F
CVE-2023-5683Same vendor: Byzoro
CVE-2023-5684Same vendor: Byzoro
CVE-2023-36670Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-49255Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-30286Shared CWE-78
CVE-2023-1082Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-24333Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-61304Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-65089Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

byzoro
smart s45f firmware
≤ 20230906

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
blocks

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
blocks

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.14 Information transfer partial match
removes
A.5.15 Access control partial match
removes
A.5.16 Identity management partial match
removes
A.5.17 Authentication information partial match
removes
A.5.18 Access rights partial match
removes
A.8.10 Information deletion partial match
removes

References