Security Resilience

CVE-2024-11716

Published
02 January 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
CVSS Score v4 5.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.12 96th percentile
Risk Priority 45 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2024-11716 is a medium-severity Improper Enforcement of a Single, Unique Action (CWE-837) vulnerability in Ctfd (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Protocol or Service Impersonation (T1001.003); ranked in the top 4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CTFd, an open-source capture-the-flag platform, contains a logic flaw in its team (bracket) assignment mechanism that affects versions 3.7.0 through 3.7.4. Although bracket assignment is intended to occur only once during initial registration, the implementation permits an authenticated user to reset an existing bracket assignment and select a different one after a competition has begun.

An authenticated participant can therefore exploit the issue to switch teams mid-event, potentially gaining access to another team's progress, challenges, or scoring data. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3 and is tracked under CWE-837 for improper enforcement of behavioral workflow.

The flaw was corrected in release 3.7.5 by pull request 2636, as noted in the CTFd 3.7.5 announcement and related advisories from CERT.pl and Full Disclosure. Administrators are advised to upgrade to the patched version to restore the intended one-time assignment restriction.

EPSS scores have remained low, with a current value of 0.0513 and a peak of 0.0658, indicating limited observed exploitation interest to date.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

While assignment of a user to a team (bracket) in CTFd should be possible only once, at the registration, a flaw in logic implementation allows an authenticated user to reset it's bracket and then pick a new one, joining another…

more

team while a competition is already ongoing. This issue impacts releases from 3.7.0 up to 3.7.4 and was addressed by pull request 2636 https://github.com/CTFd/CTFd/pull/2636 included in 3.7.5 release.

CWE(s)
CWE-837

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation Command And Control
Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.001 LSASS Memory Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS).
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.004 LSA Secrets Credential Access
Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.
attack.mitre.org →
T1010 Application Window Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows.
attack.mitre.org →
T1012 Query Registry Discovery
Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-4629Shared CWE-837
CVE-2025-54315Shared CWE-837
CVE-2026-105850Shared CWE-837
CVE-2023-6467Shared CWE-837
CVE-2023-6759Shared CWE-837
CVE-2025-62783Shared CWE-837
CVE-2023-6438Shared CWE-837
CVE-2026-44601Shared CWE-837
CVE-2025-58135Shared CWE-837
CVE-2025-62784Shared CWE-837

Affected Assets

Ctfd
—
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V6.3.3
  • V6.5.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

AC-3 enforces approved authorizations for actions; when policy requires an action to occur only once, proper enforcement directly stops duplicate execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 partial match
blocks

Authorization policy enforcement can include rules that restrict actions to a single use.

PR.IR-01 partial match
blocks

Logical access controls can incorporate mechanisms that block replay or repeated actions.

PR.PS-05 partial match
blocks

Preventing execution of unauthorized or duplicate actions directly addresses single-use enforcement.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.15 Access control partial match
degrades

Access-control rules can enforce single-use or uniqueness constraints, but the control is broader than this specific weakness.

A.5.18 Access rights partial match
degrades

Managing access rights can include rules that limit an action to one occurrence, yet the control addresses rights in general.

A.5.21 Managing information security in the ICT supply chain partial match
removes
A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices can require design controls for single-use actions, but the control addresses the entire lifecycle.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
blocks

Application-security requirements can specify single-action enforcement, yet the control is wider in scope.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure-coding standards can mandate checks that prevent repeated actions, but the control covers many coding issues.

References