Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-32868

Zitadel ≤ 2.50.0

Published
26 April 2024
Modified
08 January 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0046 38th percentile
Risk Priority 50 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-32868 is a medium-severity Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch (CWE-297) vulnerability in Zitadel Zitadel. Its CVSS base score is 6.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Brute Force (T1110); ranked at the 38th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-7 (Unsuccessful Logon Attempts) and SC-23 (Session Authenticity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

ZITADEL provides users the possibility to use Time-based One-Time-Password (TOTP) and One-Time-Password (OTP) through SMS and Email. While ZITADEL already gives administrators the option to define a `Lockout Policy` with a maximum amount of failed password check attempts, there was…

more

no such mechanism for (T)OTP checks. This issue has been patched in version 2.50.0.

CWE(s)
CWE-297CWE-307

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1110 Brute Force Credential Access
Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.001 Password Guessing Credential Access
Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.003 Password Spraying Credential Access
Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.004 Credential Stuffing Credential Access
Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap.
attack.mitre.org →
T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-64102Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2023-49097Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2023-44399Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2025-64101Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2026-23511Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2025-64103Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2025-31123Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2025-57770Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2024-41952Same product: Zitadel Zitadel
CVE-2025-31124Same product: Zitadel Zitadel

Affected Assets

zitadel
zitadel
≤ 2.50.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.2.8

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-7 Unsuccessful Logon Attempts good match

AC-7 directly enforces limits on consecutive failed logons, structurally blocking brute-force exploitation of the weakness.

SC-23 Session Authenticity good match

Protecting session authenticity structurally requires proper certificate validation to bind the presented certificate to the intended host.

SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity good match

Requiring confidentiality and integrity of transmitted data necessitates correct TLS certificate validation with host-name checking.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Security engineering principles require correct implementation of certificate validation (including hostname matching) when cryptography is used.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Authentication enforcement directly includes lockout, throttling, and MFA policies that prevent brute-force attempts.

PR.DS-02 mostly match
prevents

Protecting data-in-transit integrity depends on proper certificate validation to prevent MITM.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices include coding correct certificate validation logic.

DE.CM-03 partial match
prevents

Behavioral monitoring of authentication activity can detect excessive failed attempts after they occur.

PR.PS-04 partial match
prevents

Generating auth logs enables later detection or forensics but does not itself restrict attempts.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing can detect missing certificate validation and host-mismatch checks.

A.8.20 Networks security partial match
degrades

Network security controls include certificate validation and host-name verification to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

A.8.21 Security of network services partial match
degrades

Security of network services requires proper TLS configuration and certificate validation for service endpoints.

A.8.24 Use of cryptography partial match
prevents

Use of cryptography mandates correct implementation of certificate validation and hostname verification.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements include secure communication and certificate validation for external services.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
mitigates

Secure system architecture principles require proper certificate validation to protect communications.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

RHEL 7 (2 rules)
  • V-204427 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be configured to lock accounts for a minimum of 15 minutes after three unsuccessful logon attempts within a 15-minute timeframe. prevents CWE-307
  • V-204428 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must lock the associated account after three unsuccessful root logon attempts are made within a 15-minute period. prevents CWE-307

References