Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-5528

Gitlab ≤ 16.11.6

Public PoC
Published
05 February 2025
Modified
06 August 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 3.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0040 33th percentile
Risk Priority 31 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-5528 is a low-severity Incomplete Comparison with Missing Factors (CWE-1023) vulnerability in Gitlab Gitlab. Its CVSS base score is 3.5 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027); ranked at the 33th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and AC-24 (Access Control Decisions) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions prior to 16.11.6, starting from 17.0 prior to 17.0.4, and starting from 17.1 prior to 17.1.2, which allows a subdomain takeover in GitLab Pages.

CWE(s)
CWE-1023CWE-697

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1027 Obfuscated Files or Information Stealth
Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit.
attack.mitre.org →
T1036 Masquerading Stealth
Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-6277Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2023-3920Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2024-7296Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2026-0934Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2025-13928Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2024-5258Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2023-0120Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2025-3396Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2023-4379Same product: Gitlab Gitlab
CVE-2026-6269Same product: Gitlab Gitlab

Affected Assets

gitlab
gitlab
≤ 16.11.6 · ≤ 16.11.6 · 17.0.0 — 17.0.4

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V6.3.4
  • V6.3.5
  • V6.1.3
  • V6.5.7

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation directly exercises security-relevant comparisons to discover incorrect logic.

AC-24 Access Control Decisions partial match

Mandating that access-control decisions apply the full set of required rules to each request structurally eliminates missing-factor comparisons.

AC-25 Reference Monitor partial match

A reference monitor must be small and correct, structurally limiting the chance of flawed comparison logic in authorization decisions.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match

Access enforcement requires that every authorization decision evaluate all relevant entity attributes, directly stopping incomplete comparisons from being used.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Security engineering principles require correct implementation of comparison logic used for access and authentication decisions.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (reviews, testing, static analysis) directly prevent incomplete comparison flaws from being introduced.

PR.AA-03 partial match
prevents

Authentication decisions often rely on multi-factor comparisons; incomplete comparisons directly weaken this control.

PR.AA-05 partial match
prevents

Enforcing access policy requires complete evaluation of all relevant attributes; missing factors undermine authorization decisions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing can detect missing comparison factors, yet testing is only one part of the control's scope.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle includes code review and testing that can catch incorrect comparison logic.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can mandate complete multi-factor comparisons, but the control is broader than this single weakness.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles can require exhaustive entity comparisons, yet the control addresses many other design concerns.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards can forbid incomplete comparisons, but the control covers a wide range of coding issues.

A.8.5 Secure authentication partial match
degrades

Secure authentication mechanisms rely on correct comparison of credentials or tokens.

References