Cyber Posture

CVE-2024-9095

CriticalPublic PoC

Published: 20 March 2025

Published
20 March 2025
Modified
15 October 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0037 58.9th percentile
Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2024-9095 is a critical-severity Missing Authorization (CWE-862) vulnerability in Lunary Lunary. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Valid Accounts (T1078); ranked in the top 41.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as Enterprise AI Assistants; in the Privacy and Disclosure risk domain.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-6 (Least Privilege).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Valid Accounts (T1078) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

AC-3 requires systems to immediately enforce approved authorizations for logical access, directly addressing the missing access control middleware on the /bigquery API route that allows any logged-in user to export sensitive database data.

prevent

AC-6 least privilege restricts users to only necessary permissions, preventing non-privileged logged-in users from creating BigQuery datastreams and extracting sensitive data like password hashes and API keys.

prevent

AC-2 account management establishes procedures for privilege assignment and review, mitigating overly permissive accounts that enable unauthorized database exports.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
T1213.006 Databases Collection
Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information.
T1537 Transfer Data to Cloud Account Exfiltration
Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including through sharing/syncing and creating backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service.
Why these techniques?

The lack of access control on the /bigquery API enables any valid account holder (T1078) to collect sensitive data including credentials from the database (T1213.006) and transfer it to a Google BigQuery instance (T1537).

NVD Description

In lunary-ai/lunary version v1.4.28, the /bigquery API route lacks proper access control, allowing any logged-in user to create a Datastream to Google BigQuery and export the entire database. This includes sensitive data such as password hashes and secret API keys.…

more

The route is protected by a config check (`config.DATA_WAREHOUSE_EXPORTS_ALLOWED`), but it does not verify the user's access level or implement any access control middleware. This vulnerability can lead to the extraction of sensitive data, disruption of services, credential compromise, and service integrity breaches.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2024-9095 is a critical vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary version v1.4.28, where the /bigquery API route lacks proper access control. This flaw allows any logged-in user to create a Datastream to Google BigQuery and export the entire database, including sensitive data such as password hashes and secret API keys. The route is only protected by a configuration check (config.DATA_WAREHOUSE_EXPORTS_ALLOWED) without verifying the user's access level or implementing access control middleware. It carries a CVSS score of 9.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and maps to CWE-862.

Any logged-in user can exploit this vulnerability remotely with low complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation enables the extraction of the full database via BigQuery, leading to sensitive data exposure, credential compromise, service disruptions, and breaches in service integrity.

A patch is available via GitHub commit a8d7b2959e87c30fbafdb12af7ffa093385dcc60, and additional details are provided in the Huntr bounty report at https://huntr.com/bounties/e242a92e-da41-440d-b718-3de91e4b4eac.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

lunary
lunary
1.4.28

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
Enterprise AI Assistants
Risk Domain
Privacy and Disclosure
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
Lunary.ai is an open-source LLM engineering platform for monitoring, managing, and improving LLM applications, which aligns with Enterprise AI Assistants. The vulnerability affects its API for data export in an AI/ML observability context.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-8999Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2024-9096Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2025-5352Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2025-9803Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2024-9099Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2024-5386Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2024-8998Same product: Lunary Lunary
CVE-2024-13361Shared CWE-862
CVE-2024-7043Shared CWE-862
CVE-2024-7767Shared CWE-862

References