CVE-2025-0107

CriticalRCE

Published: 11 January 2025

Published

11 January 2025

Modified

23 January 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.7953 99.1th percentile

Risk Priority 67 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-0107 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Paloaltonetworks Expedition. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 0.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-6 (Least Privilege) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly mitigates OS command injection (CWE-78) by requiring validation of all information inputs to prevent arbitrary command execution.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Ensures timely identification, reporting, and remediation of flaws like CVE-2025-0107 through patching as advised in PAN-SA-2025-0001.

AC-6 Least Privilege good match

prevent

Enforces least privilege on the www-data user account to limit the scope of damage from injected commands and prevent disclosure of sensitive data.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Direct unauthenticated OS command injection in a public-facing management application enables remote code execution via Unix shell.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

An OS command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Expedition enables an unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary OS commands as the www-data user in Expedition, which results in the disclosure of usernames, cleartext passwords, device configurations, and device API keys…

for firewalls running PAN-OS software.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-0107 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in Palo Alto Networks Expedition. The vulnerability affects the Expedition software and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). It was published on 2025-01-11.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no privileges to execute arbitrary OS commands as the www-data user in Expedition. Successful exploitation results in the disclosure of usernames, cleartext passwords, device configurations, and device API keys for firewalls running PAN-OS software.

Palo Alto Networks has published security advisory PAN-SA-2025-0001 with details on mitigations and patches, available at https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/PAN-SA-2025-0001.