Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-11005

RCE in Totolink X6000R Firmware ≤ 9.4.0cu.1360_b20241207

Published
25 September 2025
Modified
16 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 9.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.013 69th percentile
Risk Priority 51 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-11005 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink X6000R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 31% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-11005 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) affecting the TOTOLINK X6000R router. It stems from improper neutralization of special elements in OS commands and impacts all versions through firmware V9.4.0cu.1458_B20250708. The flaw carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 9.3, reflecting network-accessible attack vectors with no required authentication or user interaction.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can supply crafted input that results in arbitrary operating-system command execution on the device. Successful exploitation grants the ability to read or modify sensitive data, disrupt device operation, and potentially leverage the router as a pivot point into attached networks, consistent with the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts described in the CVSS vector.

The referenced Palo Alto Networks disclosure and TOTOLINK firmware page indicate that updated firmware is the primary remediation path; administrators should obtain the latest release from the vendor. The associated EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0321 on 2026-02-03 before receding to the current value of 0.0089, indicating a period of increased exploitation interest following public disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects X6000R: through V9.4.0cu.1458_B20250708.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-48805Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48806Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2025-52906Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48800Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48811Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48812Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48804Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2024-2353Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48810Same product: Totolink X6000R
CVE-2023-48802Same product: Totolink X6000R

Affected Assets

totolink
x6000r firmware
≤ 9.4.0cu.1360_b20241207

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References