Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-15016

Exposed Creds in Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database

Published
22 December 2025
Modified
05 March 2026
CVSS Score v4 9.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0047 38th percentile
Risk Priority 46 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-15016 is a critical-severity Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (CWE-321) vulnerability in Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database. Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Private Keys (T1552.004); ranked at the 38th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-12 (Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-15016 is a hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability (CWE-321) affecting the Enterprise Cloud Database developed by Ragic. Published on 2025-12-22, the issue stems from a fixed key that undermines authentication mechanisms, earning a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required. By using the fixed key, they can generate valid verification information to log into the system as any user, enabling full unauthorized access.

Advisories from TWCERT/CC, available at https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10588-771e5-2.html and https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10587-797c6-1.html, provide further details on the vulnerability and recommended mitigations.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Enterprise Cloud Database developed by Ragic has a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit the fixed key to generate verification information and log into the system as any user.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1552.004 Private Keys Credential Access
Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials.
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-9984Same product: Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database
CVE-2024-9985Same product: Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database
CVE-2023-41343Same product: Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database
CVE-2025-15015Same product: Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database
CVE-2024-9983Same product: Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database
CVE-2025-49164Shared CWE-321
CVE-2025-26340Shared CWE-321
CVE-2025-62581Shared CWE-321
CVE-2026-34635Shared CWE-321
CVE-2026-5846Shared CWE-321

Affected Assets

ragic
enterprise cloud database
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Requiring cryptographic keys to be established and managed according to defined requirements prevents developers from embedding static unchangeable keys.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-SDLC activities such as code review and secret scanning directly prevent embedding static keys.

PR.DS-01 partial match
prevents

Data-at-rest protection policies require proper key management and therefore discourage hard-coded keys.

PR.DS-02 partial match
prevents

Data-in-transit protection similarly depends on non-hard-coded keys for encryption.

PR.PS-01 partial match
prevents

Configuration baselines and reviews can prohibit hard-coded keys in deployed artifacts.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Key-management controls that govern generation, rotation and protection of keys make the use of embedded hard-coded cryptographic keys less likely and easier to detect.

References