Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-1925

Open5Gs ≤ 2.7.2

Public PoC
Published
04 March 2025
Modified
23 June 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 6.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0081 54th percentile
Risk Priority 43 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-1925 is a medium-severity Improper Resource Shutdown or Release (CWE-404) vulnerability in Open5Gs Open5Gs. Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 46% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-8 (Security and Privacy Engineering Principles) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-1925 is a denial-of-service vulnerability classified as problematic in Open5GS versions up to 2.7.2. It affects the AMF component, specifically the function amf_nsmf_pdusession_handle_update_sm_context in the file src/amf/nsmf-handler.c. The issue falls under CWE-404 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L), indicating network-accessible exploitation with low complexity and no privileges required, resulting in limited availability impact.

A single User Equipment (UE) can remotely exploit this vulnerability to crash the AMF, leading to a complete loss of mobility and session management services and causing a network-wide outage. All registered UEs lose connectivity, and new registrations are blocked until the AMF is restarted, resulting in a high availability impact.

Advisories recommend applying a patch to fix the issue, with a fix available in Open5GS pull request #3711 on GitHub. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, including details in a bug report at https://github.com/guoweifk/BugReport/blob/main/Open5GS%20AMF%20Denial%20of%20Service%20via%20PDU%20Session%20ID%20Conflict, and may be used by attackers. Further information is provided in VulDB entries at https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298513, https://vuldb.com/?id.298513, and https://vuldb.com/?submit.506038.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Open5GS up to 2.7.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function amf_nsmf_pdusession_handle_update_sm_context of the file src/amf/nsmf-handler.c of the component AMF. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack can be launched…

more

remotely. This vulnerability allows a single UE to crash the AMF, resulting in the complete loss of mobility and session management services and causing a network-wide outage. All registered UEs will lose connectivity, and new registrations will be blocked until the AMF is restarted, leading to a high availability impact. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
T1499.001 OS Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may launch a denial of service (DoS) attack targeting an endpoint's operating system (OS).
T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2024-51179Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-8119Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-8123Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-8744Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-8251Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2025-5935Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-7587Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs

Affected Assets

open5gs
open5gs
≤ 2.7.2

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect resource releases after code is written.

Engineering principles can require explicit resource acquisition/release patterns that stop improper shutdown from being introduced.

Priority-based resource allocation limits the blast radius when released resources are not returned to the pool.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly include coding standards for correct resource allocation and release.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring can detect resource exhaustion caused by improper shutdown or release.

ID.AM-08 partial match
prevents

Lifecycle management of assets can encompass proper resource release at end-of-life or shutdown.

PR.IR-04 partial match
prevents

Capacity management helps surface leaks from unreleased resources but does not prevent the coding flaw.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Including restart, recovery and media-handling instructions reduces the likelihood that resources or sensitive data will be left in an exposed or improperly released state after a failure.

References