CVE-2025-21156
Published: 11 February 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21156 is a high-severity Wrap or Wraparound (CWE-191) vulnerability in Adobe Incopy. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 16.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-21156 is an Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability, classified as CWE-191, affecting Adobe InCopy versions 20.0, 19.5.1, and earlier. The flaw resides in the software and could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
Exploitation requires local access (AV:L) with low complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:N), and user interaction (UI:R), such as opening a malicious file. Successful attacks yield high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H) without scope change (S:U), earning a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8.
Adobe's security bulletin APSB25-10 provides details on the vulnerability and mitigation, available at https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/incopy/apsb25-10.html. The advisory was published on 2025-02-11.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-2248
Vulnerability details
InCopy versions 20.0, 19.5.1 and earlier are affected by an Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a…
more
victim must open a malicious file.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Integer underflow enables arbitrary code execution triggered by opening a malicious InCopy file, directly mapping to client-side exploitation and user execution of malicious files.
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly mitigates the integer underflow vulnerability by requiring identification, reporting, and timely patching of flaws in affected InCopy versions.
Scans and blocks malicious files designed to exploit the vulnerability through malicious code protection mechanisms before user interaction.
Implements memory protections like DEP and ASLR to prevent arbitrary code execution resulting from the integer underflow.