Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-22398

CriticalRCE

Published: 28 March 2025

Published
28 March 2025
Modified
08 July 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0034 56.6th percentile
Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-22398 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Dell Unity Operating Environment. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 43.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly requires identifying, reporting, and correcting the OS command injection flaw via timely upgrades as recommended by Dell for affected Unity systems.

prevent

Mandates validation of all relevant information inputs to neutralize special elements and comprehensively prevent OS command injection exploitation.

detect

Facilitates scanning for and rapid remediation of critical vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-22398 in Dell Unity storage systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
Why these techniques?

OS command injection (CWE-78) in remotely accessible Dell Unity storage system enables unauthenticated remote code execution as root, directly mapping to exploitation of public-facing application (T1190) and Unix Shell command execution (T1059.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution as root.…

more

Exploitation may lead to a system take over by an attacker. This vulnerability is considered critical as it can be leveraged to completely compromise the operating system. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-22398 is an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command vulnerability, classified under CWE-78, affecting Dell Unity versions 5.4 and prior. This flaw allows special elements in OS commands to be inadequately sanitized, enabling injection attacks within the storage system's operating environment.

An unauthenticated attacker with remote network access can exploit this vulnerability due to its low attack complexity, lack of required privileges, and absence of user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Successful exploitation grants arbitrary command execution with root privileges, potentially resulting in full system takeover and complete compromise of the operating system.

Dell advisories, detailed in DSA-2025-116, recommend that customers upgrade affected Dell Unity systems at the earliest opportunity to mitigate this critical vulnerability. Further information is available at https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000300090/dsa-2025-116-security-update-for-dell-unity-dell-unityvsa-and-dell-unity-xt-security-update-for-multiple-vulnerabilities.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

dell
unity operating environment
≤ 5.5.0.0.5.259

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References