CVE-2025-22495

HighRCE

Published: 24 February 2025

Published

24 February 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.4 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0008 24.2th percentile

Risk Priority 17 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-22495 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Eaton (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unix Shell (T1059.004); ranked at the 24.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SA-22 (Unsupported System Components) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Unix Shell (T1059.004). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly requires validation of inputs to the NTP server configuration field, preventing command injection vulnerabilities like CWE-78.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Mandates timely flaw remediation through firmware patching to version 3.0.4, as specified in Eaton's security bulletin.

SA-22 Unsupported System Components good match

prevent

Prohibits use of end-of-life Network-M2 cards, requiring upgrade to supported Network-M3 to eliminate exposure to this unpatched vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection via improper input validation in NTP config field directly enables arbitrary command execution on the device OS, mapping to Unix Shell.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

An improper input validation vulnerability was discovered in the NTP server configuration field of the Network-M2 card. This could result in an authenticated high privileged user having the ability to execute arbitrary commands. The vulnerability has been resolved in the…

version 3.0.4. Note - Network-M2 has been declared end-of-life in early 2024 and Network-M3 has been released as a fit-and-functional replacement.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-22495 is an improper input validation vulnerability (CWE-78) in the NTP server configuration field of the Eaton Network-M2 card, a network interface used for power management in UPS and related systems. This flaw allows an authenticated high-privileged user to execute arbitrary commands on the device. The vulnerability has been addressed in Network-M2 firmware version 3.0.4 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.4 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Exploitation requires an attacker to have high privileges (PR:H) on the affected Network-M2 card, network access (AV:N), and the ability to trigger user interaction (UI:R), such as confirming a malicious input. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary command execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (C:I:A:H), and changes the scope (S:C) to potentially affect broader system components.

Eaton's security bulletin (etn-va-2025-1004.pdf) details the patch in firmware version 3.0.4 as the primary mitigation. Additionally, the Network-M2 card reached end-of-life in early 2024, with Network-M3 released as a direct functional replacement; organizations are advised to upgrade to supported hardware to avoid unpatched exposure.

No public reports of real-world exploitation are available as of the CVE publication on 2025-02-24.