Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23041

Medium

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
19 September 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 5.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0018 39.4th percentile
Risk Priority 12 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23041 is a medium-severity Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) vulnerability in Umbraco Umbraco Forms. Its CVSS base score is 5.8 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application Exhaustion Flood (T1499.003); ranked at the 39.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Umbraco.Forms is a web form framework written for the nuget ecosystem. Character limits configured by editors for short and long answer fields are validated only client-side, not server-side. This issue has been patched in versions 8.13.16, 10.5.7, 13.2.2, and 14.1.2.…

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Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications.
T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Lack of server-side validation for character limits in Umbraco.Forms fields enables unauthenticated attackers to submit oversized inputs remotely, facilitating application exhaustion flood (T1499.003) or exploitation of the application weakness for endpoint denial of service (T1499.004), as indicated by CVSS availability impact.

Affected Assets

umbraco
umbraco forms
≤ 8.13.15 · 10.0.0 — 10.5.7 · 13.0.0 — 13.2.2

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and developer training directly verify and enforce proper input validation, reducing exploitability of injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and evaluation at multiple SDLC stages directly detects missing or flawed input validation, with the required remediation process ensuring fixes are applied.

addresses: CWE-20

Directly implements checks on information inputs to reject invalid data before processing.

addresses: CWE-20

Spam protection mechanisms perform filtering and detection on inbound/outbound messages, directly compensating for missing or weak input validation of unsolicited content.

References