Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23781

Info Disclosure

Info Disclosure
Published
22 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0061 46th percentile
Risk Priority 58 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2025-23781 is a high-severity Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data (CWE-201) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Sniffing (T1040); ranked at the 46th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-23781 is an Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability (CWE-201) in the WM Options Import Export WordPress plugin (wm-options-import-export) developed by Web Mumbai. This issue affects all versions of the plugin from n/a through 1.0.1, enabling attackers to retrieve embedded sensitive data.

The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N), indicating it can be exploited over the network with low complexity by unauthenticated attackers without requiring user interaction. Successful exploitation allows remote retrieval of sensitive information exposed in sent data, compromising confidentiality but without impacting integrity or availability.

Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wm-options-import-export/vulnerability/wordpress-wm-options-import-export-plugin-1-0-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve. The vulnerability was published on 2025-01-22T15:15:23.573.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A01:2025 Broken Access Control

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Web Mumbai WM Options Import Export wm-options-import-export allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects WM Options Import Export: from n/a through <= 1.0.1.

CWE(s)
CWE-201

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1040 Network Sniffing Credential Access
Adversaries may passively sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-31134Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-68014Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-49919Shared CWE-201
CVE-2026-42746Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-68516Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-60188Shared CWE-201
CVE-2024-25148Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-63071Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-14483Shared CWE-201
CVE-2025-60095Shared CWE-201

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 1 hardening rule · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V14.2.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement good match

Directly enforces policy-based information flow rules that block transmission of sensitive data to unauthorized actors.

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

Enforces authorizations on logical access so that sensitive data is not released to unauthorized recipients.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match

Requires validation of outbound information to ensure sensitive content is not disclosed in responses or messages.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent insertion of sensitive data into application outputs and messages.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Monitoring runtime data flows and outputs can detect sensitive data being transmitted.

PR.DS-02 partial match
prevents

Protecting data-in-transit can include filtering or encrypting to avoid exposing sensitive content.

PR.DS-10 partial match
prevents

Protecting data-in-use includes removing confidential values before they are processed or sent.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.11 Data masking mostly match
prevents

Data-masking techniques can prevent sensitive values from appearing in transmitted payloads.

A.5.12 Classification of information partial match
mitigates

Classification identifies sensitive data so it is not inadvertently transmitted.

A.5.13 Labelling of information partial match
mitigates

Labelling makes sensitive data visible to developers and prevents accidental inclusion in outbound messages.

A.5.14 Information transfer partial match
mitigates

Information-transfer rules directly govern what data may be sent to external parties.

A.5.34 Privacy and protection of PII partial match
mitigates

PII-protection requirements reduce the chance of sending personal data to unauthorized recipients.

A.8.12 Data leakage prevention partial match
mitigates

DLP controls inspect and block outbound flows that contain sensitive information.

References