Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-25198

Open Redirect in Mailcow\ _dockerized

Published
12 February 2025
Modified
01 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.011 62th percentile
Risk Priority 61 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25198 is a high-severity Open Redirect (CWE-601) vulnerability in Mailcow Mailcow\. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Phishing (T1566); ranked in the top 38% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

mailcow: dockerized, an open source groupware and email suite, is affected by an open redirect vulnerability in its password reset functionality prior to version 2025-01a. The flaw allows manipulation of the Host HTTP header during reset requests, causing the generated link to point to an arbitrary domain instead of the legitimate mailcow instance. The issue is tracked as CWE-601 with a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.1.

An unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted Host header to produce a poisoned password reset email. If a legitimate user follows the link, the attacker can capture the reset token and complete account takeover. The attack requires user interaction but no other privileges on the target system.

The GitHub Security Advisory for GHSA-3mvx-qw4r-fcqf states that version 2025-01a contains the fix. As a workaround, administrators can disable the password reset feature entirely by clearing the Notification email sender and Notification email subject fields under System -> Configuration -> Options -> Password Settings.

EPSS remains low, with a current score of 0.0581 and a peak of 0.0584.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

mailcow: dockerized is an open source groupware/email suite based on docker. Prior to version 2025-01a, a vulnerability in mailcow's password reset functionality allows an attacker to manipulate the `Host HTTP` header to generate a password reset link pointing to an…

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attacker-controlled domain. This can lead to account takeover if a user clicks the poisoned link. Version 2025-01a contains a patch. As a workaround, deactivate the password reset functionality by clearing `Notification email sender` and `Notification email subject` under System -> Configuration -> Options -> Password Settings.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1566 Phishing Initial Access
Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-30270Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2023-49077Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2025-53909Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2024-24760Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2024-41960Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2024-23824Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2024-41959Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2023-34108Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2023-26490Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\
CVE-2024-31204Same product: Mailcow Mailcow\

Affected Assets

mailcow
mailcow\
_dockerized

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V3.7.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Input validation directly checks and rejects untrusted redirect targets before they are used in a response.

Information flow enforcement can restrict redirects to only approved/trusted destinations, stopping untrusted user-supplied URLs from being followed.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and untrusted-redirect controls that prevent CWE-601.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

mitigates

Preventing access to attacker-controlled or malicious sites stops users from being redirected to untrusted locations via open-redirect or phishing links.

References