Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-25595

Iitb Safe a3.0.9

Published
18 March 2025
Modified
01 April 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0046 38th percentile
Risk Priority 71 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25595 is a critical-severity Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (CWE-307) vulnerability in Iitb Safe. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Brute Force (T1110); ranked at the 38th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-7 (Unsuccessful Logon Attempts) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-25595 is a vulnerability in Safe App version a3.0.9, stemming from a lack of rate limiting on the login page. This flaw enables attackers to perform brute force attacks to bypass authentication mechanisms. The issue is classified under CWE-307 (Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts) and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8, indicating critical severity due to its network accessibility, low attack complexity, and lack of prerequisites.

Remote attackers require no privileges, user interaction, or special access to exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity. Successful exploitation allows bypassing authentication, potentially granting unauthorized access to the application and its data or functions, resulting in high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability as per the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Advisories and additional details are referenced in sources including https://pastebin.com/t8FthPaF and the Google Play Store page for the affected app at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.iitb.cse.arkenstone.safe_v2. The CVE was published on 2025-03-18T17:15:46.203.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A lack of rate limiting in the login page of Safe App version a3.0.9 allows attackers to bypass authentication via a brute force attack.

CWE(s)
CWE-307

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1110 Brute Force Credential Access
Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.001 Password Guessing Credential Access
Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.003 Password Spraying Credential Access
Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.004 Credential Stuffing Credential Access
Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap.
attack.mitre.org →
T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-25113Shared CWE-307
CVE-2026-35597Shared CWE-307
CVE-2025-1496Shared CWE-307
CVE-2025-12896Shared CWE-307
CVE-2026-71213Shared CWE-307
CVE-2023-1539Shared CWE-307
CVE-2025-27449Shared CWE-307
CVE-2026-27801Shared CWE-307
CVE-2026-26305Shared CWE-307
CVE-2026-16347Shared CWE-307

Affected Assets

iitb
safe
a3.0.9

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-7 Unsuccessful Logon Attempts good match

AC-7 directly enforces limits on consecutive failed logons, structurally blocking brute-force exploitation of the weakness.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Authentication enforcement directly includes lockout, throttling, and MFA policies that prevent brute-force attempts.

DE.CM-03 partial match
prevents

Behavioral monitoring of authentication activity can detect excessive failed attempts after they occur.

PR.PS-04 partial match
prevents

Generating auth logs enables later detection or forensics but does not itself restrict attempts.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.5 Secure authentication partial match
prevents

CAPTCHA, account lock-out after repeated failures, and alerts on excessive attempts directly stop automated brute-force guessing of credentials.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

RHEL 7 (2 rules)
  • V-204427 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must be configured to lock accounts for a minimum of 15 minutes after three unsuccessful logon attempts within a 15-minute timeframe. prevents CWE-307
  • V-204428 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must lock the associated account after three unsuccessful root logon attempts are made within a 15-minute period. prevents CWE-307

References