Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-28386 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Openc3 Cosmos. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 43% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
A remote code execution vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-28386 affects the Plugin Management component of OpenC3 COSMOS version 6.0.0. The flaw, assigned CWE-94, permits an attacker to upload a specially crafted .txt file that results in arbitrary code execution on the server. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.
Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit the issue by sending a malicious file through the plugin upload functionality, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected COSMOS instance. Successful exploitation grants the ability to run attacker-controlled code within the application environment, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Public references point to the OpenC3 project site and a detailed security assessment report that identified the weakness during testing of the open-source mission framework; however, the provided sources do not describe specific patches or mitigation steps. The associated EPSS score remains flat at 0.0404 with no observed increase since disclosure.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-18270
Vulnerability Data
A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the Plugin Management component of OpenC3 COSMOS v6.0.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted .txt file.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.3.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation finds code paths that accept and execute externally influenced strings.
Input validation directly stops untrusted data from being used to construct executable code without neutralization.
Least privilege limits the damage an injected code fragment can perform once executed.
Requiring documented secure development standards and tools enforces use of safe code-generation APIs and escaping.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).
PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.
Controls that restrict unauthorized or malicious code from being introduced via external networks or removable media limit opportunities for an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.