CVE-2025-28386
Published: 13 June 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-28386 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Openc3 Cosmos. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, ranked in the top 11.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
A remote code execution vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-28386 affects the Plugin Management component of OpenC3 COSMOS version 6.0.0. The flaw, assigned CWE-94, permits an attacker to upload a specially crafted .txt file that results in arbitrary code execution on the server. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.
Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit the issue by sending a malicious file through the plugin upload functionality, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected COSMOS instance. Successful exploitation grants the ability to run attacker-controlled code within the application environment, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Public references point to the OpenC3 project site and a detailed security assessment report that identified the weakness during testing of the open-source mission framework; however, the provided sources do not describe specific patches or mitigation steps. The associated EPSS score remains flat at 0.0404 with no observed increase since disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-18270
Vulnerability details
A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the Plugin Management component of OpenC3 COSMOS v6.0.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted .txt file.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.
Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.
Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.
Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.