CVE-2025-31048

Critical

Published: 05 January 2026

Published

05 January 2026

Modified

23 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 9.9 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0026 17.6th percentile

Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-31048 is a critical-severity Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 9.9 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 17.6th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-31048 is an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability (CWE-434) in the Themify Shopo WordPress theme. It enables attackers to upload a web shell to the web server. This issue affects Shopo versions from n/a through 1.1.4 and was published on 2026-01-05. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.9 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), marking it as critical.

An attacker with low privileges, such as an authenticated WordPress user, can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. Scope changes upon exploitation (S:C), allowing high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). This enables full web server compromise through the uploaded web shell.

The Patchstack advisory provides further details on this arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Shopo 1.1.4 at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/shopo/vulnerability/wordpress-shopo-1-1-4-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2026-0864

Vulnerability details

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Themify Shopo shopo allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Shopo: from n/a through <= 1.1.4.

CWE(s): CWE-434

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1505.003 Web Shell Persistence

Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Arbitrary file upload (CWE-434) in public-facing WordPress theme directly enables web shell deployment (T1505.003) after exploiting the application (T1190).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0