Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XSummary
CVE-2025-35452 is a critical-severity Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798) vulnerability in Ptzoptics Pteptz-Ndi-Zcam-G2. Its CVSS base score is 9.2 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Default Accounts (T1078.001); ranked in the top 45% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to CM-6 (Configuration Settings) and IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-35452 is a critical vulnerability in PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras, stemming from the use of default, shared credentials for the administrative web interface. This issue maps to CWE-798 (use of hard-coded credentials) and CWE-1392 (use of default credentials), with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating network-accessible exploitation without authentication or user interaction.
Remote, unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability by connecting to the camera's web interface over the network and using the publicly known default credentials to gain administrative access. Successful exploitation allows high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, enabling full control over the affected camera devices.
CISA's ICSA-25-162-10 advisory details mitigations for this and related vulnerabilities in operational technology devices. Additional guidance appears in the official CVE record and GreyNoise publications.
GreyNoise intelligence reports the discovery of zero-day vulnerabilities, including this one, in live-streaming cameras using AI assistance, with further details on related RCE in their SIFT analysis.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-27019
Vulnerability Data
PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras use default, shared credentials for the administrative web interface.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V13.2.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Secure configuration settings establish baselines that prohibit default credentials on system components.
Authenticator management requires secure distribution and handling of credentials, structurally discouraging hard-coded values.
Vulnerability scanning can discover default credentials after deployment but does not stop their introduction.
Cryptographic key management mandates proper establishment and handling instead of embedding keys in code.
Account management processes include assignment and control of initial account credentials, reducing the chance defaults remain active.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Hardened baselines and configuration management explicitly prohibit default credentials on deployed systems.
Credential management processes directly require replacing or disabling default passwords and keys.
Authentication policies can enforce non-default credential strength but do not explicitly address initial deployment defaults.
PR.AA-02 addresses human identity proofing and per-person credential issuance at enrollment; it has no bearing on whether developers embed static credentials in software.
PR.DS-01 addresses encryption and integrity of stored data but never touches credential or key management practices, so it neither prevents hard-coded credentials nor removes any of their risk.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
The requirement to replace vendor default authentication information immediately after installation directly counters the use of default credentials that attackers commonly target.
Education on secure configuration practices discourages technical staff from embedding or relying on hard-coded credentials in systems and applications.
Secure key-generation, distribution and storage procedures reduce the likelihood that hard-coded or default cryptographic keys will be introduced or left unprotected.
Explicit prohibition of hard-coded passwords and unauthenticated external services stops credentials from being embedded directly in source code.
Contractual requirements for secure coding practices and evidence of testing make it less likely that hard-coded credentials will be introduced or remain undetected in delivered code.
Requiring independent oversight and timely disabling of non-human identities makes it harder for hard-coded or long-lived credentials to remain exploitable.