CVE-2025-3641
Published: 25 April 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-3641 is a high-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Moodle Moodle. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 28.3% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-3641 is a remote code execution flaw, tracked under CWE-94, that affects the Dropbox repository component of the Moodle learning management system. The vulnerability is present on sites where the Dropbox repository is enabled, though by default access is limited to teachers and managers.
An authenticated attacker with low privileges can exploit the issue over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required, resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected Moodle instance as reflected in its CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8.
Red Hat and Moodle advisories reference the issue via access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3641, bugzilla.redhat.com, and the Moodle forum discussion at moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=467602, directing administrators to those sources for patch and mitigation details.
The associated EPSS score rose from a low starting value of 0.0067 to a peak of 0.0139, indicating emerging exploitation interest after disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-12520
Vulnerability details
A flaw was found in Moodle. A remote code execution risk was identified in the Moodle LMS Dropbox repository. By default, this was only available to teachers and managers on sites with the Dropbox repository enabled.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
CVE-2025-3641 enables remote code execution in the Moodle LMS Dropbox repository, a public-facing web application component, facilitating exploitation of public-facing applications.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.
Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.
Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.
Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.