CVE-2025-40599

Critical

Published: 23 July 2025

Published

23 July 2025

Modified

06 November 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0027 50.4th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-40599 is a critical-severity Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434) vulnerability in Sonicwall Sma 210 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 49.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Directly remediates the arbitrary file upload vulnerability by identifying, prioritizing, and applying vendor patches such as those in SonicWall advisory SNWLID-2025-0014.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Requires validation of file uploads in the web management interface to reject arbitrary or malicious files, preventing exploitation leading to RCE.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

prevent

Enforces least privilege to minimize users with administrative access required for exploitation of the authenticated file upload vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1505.003 Web Shell Persistence

Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Authenticated arbitrary file upload in public-facing web management interface directly enables web shell deployment and RCE via T1505.003; initial access via exploitation of the exposed application maps to T1190.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in the SMA 100 series web management interface. A remote attacker with administrative privileges can exploit this flaw to upload arbitrary files to the system, potentially leading to remote code execution.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-40599 is an authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the SMA 100 series web management interface. A remote attacker with administrative privileges can exploit this flaw to upload arbitrary files to the system, potentially leading to remote code execution. The vulnerability is associated with CWE-434 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Exploitation requires an attacker to possess administrative privileges on the targeted SMA 100 series device. Once authenticated, the attacker can remotely upload malicious files over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction. This can achieve high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with a changed scope that enables full system compromise, such as remote code execution.

SonicWall has published a related advisory detailing the vulnerability under identifier SNWLID-2025-0014, available at https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2025-0014, which security practitioners should consult for mitigation guidance and patch information.