Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-4565

HighDDoS

Published: 16 June 2025

Published
16 June 2025
Modified
14 August 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v4 8.2 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0002 3.9th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-4565 is a high-severity Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) vulnerability in Google Protobuf-Python. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, ranked at the 3.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result…

more

in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901

CWE(s)
CWE-674

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

google
protobuf-python
≤ 4.25.8 · 5.26.0 — 5.29.5 · 6.30.0 — 6.31.1

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

CP-7 Alternate Processing Site
addresses: CWE-674

Supports resumption at alternate site when uncontrolled recursion causes primary site failure or crash.

SC-5 Denial-of-service Protection
addresses: CWE-674

Prevents uncontrolled recursion that exhausts stack or CPU resources.

References