Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-46206

MediumPublic PoCDDoS

Published: 04 August 2025

Published
04 August 2025
Modified
02 October 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0072 72.9th percentile
Risk Priority 13 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-46206 is a medium-severity Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) vulnerability in Artifex Mupdf. Its CVSS base score is 6.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked in the top 27.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

An issue in Artifex mupdf 1.25.6, 1.25.5 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via an infinite recursion in the `mutool clean` utility. When processing a crafted PDF file containing cyclic /Next references in the outline structure,…

more

the `strip_outline()` function enters infinite recursion

CWE(s)
CWE-674

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability enables denial of service via infinite recursion and stack exhaustion in the mutool clean utility when processing crafted PDFs with cyclic outline references, facilitating endpoint DoS through application exploitation.

Affected Assets

artifex
mupdf
≤ 1.25.6

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

CP-7 Alternate Processing Site
addresses: CWE-674

Supports resumption at alternate site when uncontrolled recursion causes primary site failure or crash.

SC-5 Denial-of-service Protection
addresses: CWE-674

Prevents uncontrolled recursion that exhausts stack or CPU resources.

References