Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-46645

MediumRCE

Published: 09 January 2026

Published
09 January 2026
Modified
05 February 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0004 11.7th percentile
Risk Priority 13 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-46645 is a medium-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Dell Data Domain Operating System. Its CVSS base score is 6.5 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 11.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique.
Threat & Defense Details

Likely Mitigating ControlsAI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
Why these techniques?

OS command injection vulnerability enables remote exploitation of a public-facing application (T1190) leading directly to arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004) on the affected system.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.4.0.0, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.10, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.40, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.70, contain an Improper Neutralization of…

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Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-46645 is an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command, classified as an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78), affecting Dell PowerProtect Data Domain systems running Data Domain Operating System (DD OS). The vulnerable versions include Feature Release releases from 7.7.1.0 through 8.4.0.0, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.10, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.40, and LTS2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.70. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H), indicating medium severity with high integrity and availability impacts but no confidentiality impact.

A high-privileged attacker with remote network access can exploit this vulnerability with low complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary command execution on the affected Data Domain system, potentially allowing the attacker to alter system behavior, disrupt operations, or perform other malicious actions within the privileges of the exploited account.

Dell Security Advisory DSA-2025-415 provides details on a security update addressing CVE-2025-46645 and multiple other vulnerabilities in PowerProtect Data Domain. Security practitioners should consult the advisory at https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000405813/dsa-2025-415-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-domain-multiple-vulnerabilities for patch information and mitigation guidance.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

dell
data domain operating system
8.4.0.0 · 7.7.1.0 — 7.10.1.80 · 7.13.1.0 — 7.13.1.50 · 8.3.1.0 — 8.3.1.20

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References