CVE-2025-47901

HighRCE

Published: 20 October 2025

Published

20 October 2025

Modified

31 March 2026

KEV Added

—

Patch

—

CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0039 60.3th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-47901 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Microchip Timeprovider 4100 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 39.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly requires validation and neutralization of special elements in inputs to prevent OS command injection as exploited in this CVE.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Mandates timely identification, reporting, and patching of flaws like this OS command injection vulnerability, aligning with the vendor's upgrade to version 2.5.

SI-9 Information Input Restrictions partial match

prevent

Restricts information inputs to authorized types and characteristics, mitigating injection of malicious OS commands by limiting special elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement

Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution

Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

CVE-2025-47901 is an OS command injection vulnerability in a network appliance (Time Provider 4100), allowing remote low-privileged attackers to achieve full RCE, directly facilitating T1210 (Exploitation of Remote Services) and T1059.008 (Network Device CLI).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Microchip Time Provider 4100 allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Time Provider 4100: before 2.5.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-47901 is an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command, classified as an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78), affecting the Microchip Time Provider 4100. This issue impacts versions of the Time Provider 4100 prior to 2.5. The vulnerability was published on 2025-10-20 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A remote attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation enables OS command injection, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially allowing full remote command execution on the affected device.

Microchip's security advisory for the Time Provider 4100 Grandmaster Remote Command Execution (CVE-2025-47901) addresses mitigation, with upgrading to version 2.5 or later resolving the issue. Additional references include the TIM Red Team disclosure page.