Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-48984

RCE in Veeam Backup \& Replication 12.0.0.1402 – 12.3.2.4165

Published
31 October 2025
Modified
11 November 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.010 60th percentile
Risk Priority 66 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-48984 is a high-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 40% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-48984 is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting the Veeam Backup Server, classified under CWE-94 (code injection). It enables an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its network accessibility, low attack complexity, and requirement for low privileges, with high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An authenticated domain user can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation grants the attacker RCE on the Backup Server, potentially allowing full compromise of the system, data exfiltration, or further lateral movement within the environment.

The Veeam advisory at https://www.veeam.com/kb4771 provides details on mitigation, including available patches and workarounds for affected versions of the Backup Server. Security practitioners should consult this KB article for specific remediation steps and verify their deployments.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability allowing remote code execution (RCE) on the Backup Server by an authenticated domain user.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.002 AppleScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.005 Visual Basic Execution
Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-23121Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2026-21669Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2026-21671Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2025-59470Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2025-55125Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2025-59468Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2024-40711Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2025-23120Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2024-42453Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication
CVE-2024-45204Same product: Veeam Veeam Backup \& Replication

Affected Assets

veeam
veeam backup \& replication
12.0.0.1402 — 12.3.2.4165

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation finds code paths that accept and execute externally influenced strings.

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from being used to construct executable code without neutralization.

Least privilege limits the damage an injected code fragment can perform once executed.

Requiring documented secure development standards and tools enforces use of safe code-generation APIs and escaping.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).

PR.DS-10 none match
prevents

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.

none

Controls that restrict unauthorized or malicious code from being introduced via external networks or removable media limit opportunities for an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.

References