Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-54887

Critical

Published: 08 August 2025

Published
08 August 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0004 12.5th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-54887 is a critical-severity Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (CWE-354) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, ranked at the 12.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide…

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ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

In
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-354

Proper validation of integrity check values is required for reliable tamper detection, directly reducing undetected modification risks.

addresses: CWE-354

Requires validation of integrity check values on every resolution response, directly mitigating tampered or corrupted DNS data.

addresses: CWE-354

Control mandates proper validation of integrity values (checksums) on prepared data, making flawed validation of those checks ineffective for attackers.

addresses: CWE-354

Requires use of proper integrity verification tools, reducing the chance an incorrect check value is accepted.

addresses: CWE-354

Requires proper validation of integrity mechanisms, directly mitigating flawed check-value handling.

References