CVE-2025-56413

HighRCE

Published: 10 September 2025

Published

10 September 2025

Modified

18 November 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0021 43.0th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56413 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Fit2Cloud 1Panel. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unix Shell (T1059.004); ranked at the 43.0th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Unix Shell (T1059.004) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly prevents OS command injection by implementing input validation mechanisms on the 'operation' parameter to neutralize special elements in API requests.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Addresses the specific flaw in 1panel 2.0.8's OperateSSH function by identifying, reporting, and correcting the command injection vulnerability.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

prevent

Limits damage from low-privileged user exploitation by enforcing least privilege, restricting unauthorized command execution even if injection occurs.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection in web-exposed API endpoint directly enables arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004) and exploitation of the public-facing application (T1190).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

OS Command injection vulnerability in function OperateSSH in 1panel 2.0.8 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the operation parameter to the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-56413 is an OS command injection vulnerability in the OperateSSH function of 1panel version 2.0.8. It enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting malicious input via the "operation" parameter sent to the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity.

The vulnerability can be exploited by low-privileged authenticated users over the network with low attack complexity and no requirement for user interaction. Successful exploitation grants attackers the ability to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the affected system, potentially leading to high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as data theft, system modification, or denial of service.

Advisories and additional details are available in the referenced sources: https://github.com/August829/CVEP/issues/5 and https://github.com/August829/Yu/blob/main/20250812_1.md. The CVE was published on 2025-09-10T14:15:39.940.