Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-56413

HighRCE

Published: 10 September 2025

Published
10 September 2025
Modified
18 November 2025
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0040 61.0th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56413 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Fit2Cloud 1Panel. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unix Shell (T1059.004); ranked in the top 39.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-56413 is an OS command injection vulnerability in the OperateSSH function of 1panel version 2.0.8. It enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting malicious input via the "operation" parameter sent to the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity.

The vulnerability can be exploited by low-privileged authenticated users over the network with low attack complexity and no requirement for user interaction. Successful exploitation grants attackers the ability to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the affected system, potentially leading to high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as data theft, system modification, or denial of service.

Advisories and additional details are available in the referenced sources: https://github.com/August829/CVEP/issues/5 and https://github.com/August829/Yu/blob/main/20250812_1.md. The CVE was published on 2025-09-10T14:15:39.940.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

OS Command injection vulnerability in function OperateSSH in 1panel 2.0.8 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the operation parameter to the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

OS command injection in web-exposed API endpoint directly enables arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004) and exploitation of the public-facing application (T1190).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-23525Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2025-54424Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2026-32950Same vendor: Fit2Cloud
CVE-2026-42454Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-34796Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-57016Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-50475Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-57015Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-36828Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-57595Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

fit2cloud
1panel
2.0.8

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Directly prevents OS command injection by implementing input validation mechanisms on the 'operation' parameter to neutralize special elements in API requests.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Addresses the specific flaw in 1panel 2.0.8's OperateSSH function by identifying, reporting, and correcting the command injection vulnerability.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match
prevent

Limits damage from low-privileged user exploitation by enforcing least privilege, restricting unauthorized command execution even if injection occurs.

References