Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-56413

RCE in Fit2Cloud 1Panel 2.0.8

Published
10 September 2025
Modified
18 November 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.012 65th percentile
Risk Priority 66 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56413 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Fit2Cloud 1Panel. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 35% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-56413 is an OS command injection vulnerability in the OperateSSH function of 1panel version 2.0.8. It enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting malicious input via the "operation" parameter sent to the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity.

The vulnerability can be exploited by low-privileged authenticated users over the network with low attack complexity and no requirement for user interaction. Successful exploitation grants attackers the ability to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the affected system, potentially leading to high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, such as data theft, system modification, or denial of service.

Advisories and additional details are available in the referenced sources: https://github.com/August829/CVEP/issues/5 and https://github.com/August829/Yu/blob/main/20250812_1.md. The CVE was published on 2025-09-10T14:15:39.940.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OS Command injection vulnerability in function OperateSSH in 1panel 2.0.8 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the operation parameter to the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-37477Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2023-36458Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2024-2352Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2023-36457Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2024-34352Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2024-39911Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2025-34429Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2023-39964Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2025-34410Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel
CVE-2024-39907Same product: Fit2Cloud 1Panel

Affected Assets

fit2cloud
1panel
2.0.8

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References