Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-59347

Crypto Weakness in Linuxfoundation Dragonfly ≤ 2.1.0

Published
17 September 2025
Modified
18 September 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 2.7
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:L/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0016 5th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-59347 is a low-severity Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295) vulnerability in Linuxfoundation Dragonfly. Its CVSS base score is 2.7 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Adversary-in-the-Middle (T1557); ranked at the 5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-13 (Cryptographic Protection) and SC-8 (Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. Prior to 2.1.0, The Manager disables TLS certificate verification in HTTP clients. The clients are not configurable, so users have no way to re-enable the verification. A Manager…

more

processes dozens of preheat jobs. An adversary performs a network-level Man-in-the-Middle attack, providing invalid data to the Manager. The Manager preheats with the wrong data, which later causes a denial of service and file integrity problems. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation Impact
Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.
Why these techniques?

Disabling TLS certificate verification enables network-level Man-in-the-Middle attacks (T1557), allowing adversaries to inject invalid data into HTTP requests, facilitating transmitted data manipulation (T1565.002) that causes denial of service and file integrity issues.

MITRE ATLAS TechniquesAI

MITRE ATLAS techniques

AML.T0010: AI Supply Chain CompromiseAML.T0048: External Harms

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-59353Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59410Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59354Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59350Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59346Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2026-24124Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59348Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59345Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2025-59352Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly
CVE-2023-27584Same product: Linuxfoundation Dragonfly

Affected Assets

linuxfoundation
dragonfly
≤ 2.1.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
  • SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
  • CM-6 Configuration Settings
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 12 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires cryptographic mechanisms that protect transmission integrity and confidentiality, which would have prevented the MITM attack by enforcing TLS certificate validation on Manager HTTP clients.

prevent

Mandates use of cryptography to protect data in transit, addressing the disabled certificate verification that allowed invalid data injection during preheat jobs.

prevent

Requires establishing secure configuration settings for the system, which would have prevented the hard-coded disabling of TLS verification in the Manager's HTTP clients.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Certificate-based authentication of users/services/hardware directly depends on correct validation.

PR.DS-02 mostly match
prevents

Proper certificate validation is a core mechanism for protecting data-in-transit confidentiality and integrity.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices explicitly include implementing correct certificate validation logic.

ID.RA-09 partial match
prevents

Assessing authenticity/integrity of acquired software often relies on code-signing certificate validation.

PR.AA-04 partial match
prevents

Identity assertions conveyed via certificates require validation to be verified.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Requiring issuance and validation of public-key certificates under an approved policy reduces the chance that certificates with improper validation will be trusted.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that reduce the attack surface for weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Derived transitively via CVE→CWE→STIG over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248574 YUM must be configured to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or OL 8 system components that have not been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. via CWE-295
  • V-248575 OL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. via CWE-295
RHEL 7 (1 rule)
  • V-204447 The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. via CWE-295
RHEL 8 (2 rules)
  • V-230264 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. via CWE-295
  • V-230265 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. via CWE-295

References