CVE-2025-64120

HighRCE

Published: 02 January 2026

Published

02 January 2026

Modified

26 February 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0034 56.6th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-64120 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Nuvationenergy Nplatform. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 43.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly requires input validation mechanisms to neutralize special elements in OS commands, preventing command injection exploits in the MSC.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Mandates identification, reporting, and correction of flaws like this OS command injection vulnerability through timely patching to version 2.5.1 or later.

RA-5 Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning partial match

preventdetect

Enables vulnerability scanning to identify and remediate OS command injection flaws in the affected MSC versions before exploitation.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement

Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection allows remote low-privilege attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device, directly facilitating exploitation of remote services (T1210), command interpreter execution (T1059.004), and privilege escalation to full system compromise (T1068).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): from 2.3.8 before 2.5.1.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-64120 is an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command, classified as an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78), in the Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC). This issue affects MSC versions from 2.3.8 up to but not including 2.5.1. The vulnerability was published on 2026-01-02 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

An attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low attack complexity and without requiring user interaction. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary OS command injection, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially leading to full system compromise on the affected MSC device.

A related advisory is available from Dragos at https://www.dragos.com/community/advisories/CVE-2025-64119. Mitigation involves updating the Multi-Stack Controller to version 2.5.1 or later.