CVE-2025-64128

CriticalRCE

Published: 26 November 2025

Published

26 November 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v4 10.0 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS Score 0.0832 92.5th percentile

Risk Priority 25 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-64128 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Zenitel (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 7.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-64128 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) stemming from incomplete validation of user-supplied input that does not enforce sufficient formatting rules, allowing arbitrary data to be appended. The flaw carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 10.0 and affects the software or component addressed in the referenced ICS advisory.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the issue remotely over the network without any user interaction or credentials to inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands, resulting in high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

The CISA advisory ICSA-25-329-03 along with the associated Zenitel firmware package details recommend applying vendor-supplied updates available through the Station and Device Firmware Package downloads to address the weakness.

The EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.1088 on 2026-03-28 before receding to the current value of 0.0832, indicating that exploitation interest emerged after disclosure.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-199740

Vulnerability details

An OS command injection vulnerability exists due to incomplete validation of user-supplied input. Validation fails to enforce sufficient formatting rules, which could permit attackers to append arbitrary data. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary commands.

CWE(s): CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Unauthenticated remote OS command injection in network-facing firmware enables T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application) and directly facilitates arbitrary Unix shell command execution via T1059.004.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0