Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-65099

RCE in Anthropic Claude Code ≤ 1.0.39

Published
19 November 2025
Modified
25 November 2025
CVSS Score v4 7.7
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0050 40th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-65099 is a high-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Anthropic Claude Code. Its CVSS base score is 7.7 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked at the 40th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as Enterprise AI Assistants; in the Supply Chain and Deployment risk domain.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-65099 is a code injection vulnerability (CWE-94) affecting Claude Code, an agentic coding tool from Anthropic, in versions prior to 1.0.39. The issue arises when Claude Code runs on a machine with Yarn 3.0 or above, allowing the tool to be tricked into executing arbitrary code contained in a project through yarn plugins before the user accepts the startup trust dialog. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating critical severity with potential for high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromises.

Exploitation requires a user to initiate Claude Code in an untrusted directory while using Yarn 3.0 or higher, enabling an attacker with control over that project—such as through a malicious repository—to trigger code execution automatically upon startup, bypassing the trust dialog. No special privileges or additional user interaction beyond starting the tool in the compromised environment are needed, making it feasible for remote attackers distributing tainted projects.

The GitHub security advisory (GHSA-5hhx-v7f6-x7gv) confirms the issue has been addressed in Claude Code version 1.0.39, recommending users upgrade immediately to mitigate the risk. Practitioners should verify Yarn versions and audit directories before launching the tool in potentially untrusted contexts.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 1.0.39, when running on a machine with Yarn 3.0 or above, Claude Code could have been tricked to execute code contained in a project via yarn plugins before the user…

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accepted the startup trust dialog. Exploiting this would have required a user to start Claude Code in an untrusted directory and to be using Yarn 3.0 or above. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.39.

CWE(s)

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
Enterprise AI Assistants
Risk Domain
Supply Chain and Deployment
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
Matched keywords: claude

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.002 AppleScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.005 Visual Basic Execution
Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-59041Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2025-58764Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2025-59536Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2026-24887Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2026-25722Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2026-25723Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2026-40068Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2025-64755Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2025-54795Same product: Anthropic Claude Code
CVE-2025-55284Same product: Anthropic Claude Code

Affected Assets

anthropic
claude code
≤ 1.0.39

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation finds code paths that accept and execute externally influenced strings.

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from being used to construct executable code without neutralization.

Least privilege limits the damage an injected code fragment can perform once executed.

Requiring documented secure development standards and tools enforces use of safe code-generation APIs and escaping.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).

PR.DS-10 none match
prevents

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.

none

Controls that restrict unauthorized or malicious code from being introduced via external networks or removable media limit opportunities for an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.

References