Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-65566

Memory Safety in Linuxfoundation Upf 2.1.3

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
18 December 2025
Modified
06 January 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0030 22th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-65566 is a high-severity NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476) vulnerability in Linuxfoundation Upf. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 22th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SC-7 (Boundary Protection) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the omec-project UPF (pfcpiface component) in version upf-epc-pfcpiface:2.1.3-dev. When the UPF receives a PFCP Session Report Response that is missing the mandatory Cause Information Element, the session report handler dereferences a nil pointer instead of…

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rejecting the malformed message. This triggers a panic and terminates the UPF process. An attacker who can send PFCP Session Report Response messages to the UPF's N4/PFCP endpoint can exploit this flaw to repeatedly crash the UPF and disrupt user-plane services.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability allows an attacker to send malformed PFCP Session Report Response messages to the UPF's N4/PFCP endpoint, causing a nil pointer dereference that crashes the process. This directly maps to T1499.004 (Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation), where an adversary exploits a software flaw to exhaust or terminate application resources.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2025-53011Same vendor: Linuxfoundation
CVE-2026-29785Same vendor: Linuxfoundation
CVE-2025-66564Same vendor: Linuxfoundation
CVE-2023-37037Same vendor: Linuxfoundation
CVE-2026-33219Same vendor: Linuxfoundation

Affected Assets

linuxfoundation
upf
2.1.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SC-7 Boundary Protection
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-4 System Monitoring
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires validation of PFCP protocol messages and mandatory IEs before processing, preventing the nil dereference on a missing Cause IE.

prevent

Enforces boundary protection and traffic filtering on the N4/PFCP endpoint so only authorized, well-formed messages from trusted peers reach the pfcpiface handler.

detect

Enables monitoring of PFCP traffic anomalies and process crashes/panics on the UPF, allowing rapid detection of repeated exploitation attempts.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (static analysis, code review, safe coding standards) directly prevent NULL dereference bugs during development.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing can detect NULL dereference defects before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates defensive coding practices that can prevent NULL dereferences.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input validation and pointer-safety rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage defensive design that avoids unsafe pointer use.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require NULL-pointer checks and safe dereference patterns.

References