Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-65960

Contao 4.0.0 – 4.13.57

Published
25 November 2025
Modified
03 December 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0017 7th percentile
Risk Priority 45 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-65960 is a medium-severity Insufficient Type Distinction (CWE-351) vulnerability in Contao Contao. Its CVSS base score is 6.6 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked at the 7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and AC-6 (Least Privilege) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Contao is an Open Source CMS. From version 4.0.0 to before 4.13.57, before 5.3.42, and before 5.6.5, back end users with precise control over the contents of template closures can execute arbitrary PHP functions that do not have required parameters.…

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This issue has been patched in versions 4.13.57, 5.3.42, and 5.6.5. A workaround for this issue involves manually patching the Contao\Template::once() method.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
Why these techniques?

Backend-authenticated users can execute arbitrary PHP functions via template manipulation, directly enabling server-side scripting/command interpreter abuse.

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-45604Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2023-29200Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2024-30262Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2023-36806Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2024-28190Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2024-45965Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2025-57758Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2025-57756Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2024-45612Same product: Contao Contao
CVE-2024-28191Same product: Contao Contao

Affected Assets

contao
contao
4.0.0 — 4.13.57 · 5.0.0 — 5.3.42 · 5.4.0 — 5.6.5

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.5.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly addresses the reported flaw by requiring timely application of the vendor patches (or the documented manual patch to Template::once) that eliminate the unsafe PHP function invocation path.

prevent

Limits the ability of backend users to obtain or exercise the precise template-closure editing rights that enable the arbitrary-function execution described in the CVE.

prevent

Requires validation of all user-supplied template content before it is processed, blocking the malformed closures that trigger unintended PHP function calls.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent type-distinction flaws during development while the control addresses the full lifecycle.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing can detect type confusion vulnerabilities before deployment.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle practices can include type-safe design and validation to reduce type confusion.

prevents

Application security requirements can mandate explicit type handling and validation rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage strong typing and clear type boundaries in system design.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly address proper type distinction and validation to prevent type-related flaws.

References