Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-66178

HighRCE

Published: 10 March 2026

Published
10 March 2026
Modified
12 March 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0004 11.8th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-66178 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Fortinet Fortiweb. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 11.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-66178 is an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command, classified as an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78), affecting Fortinet FortiWeb versions 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, and 7.0.0 through 7.0.12. Published on 2026-03-10, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

An authenticated attacker with high privileges (PR:H) can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity by crafting a malicious HTTP request. Successful exploitation enables the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the affected FortiWeb appliance.

For mitigation guidance, including patches and workarounds, refer to the Fortinet PSIRT advisory FG-IR-26-088 at https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-088.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiWeb 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, FortiWeb 7.0.0 through 7.0.12 may allow an…

more

authenticated attacked to execute arbitrary commands via a specialy crafted HTTP request.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

OS command injection in a public-facing web appliance directly enables remote exploitation (T1190) and arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-58034Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-50567Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-50569Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2025-52970Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-55594Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2025-64447Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2025-59719Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-55597Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2026-24017Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2026-40688Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb

Affected Assets

fortinet
fortiweb
7.0.0 — 7.0.13 · 7.2.0 — 7.2.13 · 7.4.0 — 7.4.12

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Directly requires validation and neutralization of untrusted input in HTTP requests before it is passed to OS command execution, blocking the CWE-78 injection vector.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Mandates timely application of vendor patches that remediate the improper neutralization flaw in the affected FortiWeb versions.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match
prevent

Limits the privileges granted to authenticated accounts, reducing the ability of an attacker to reach or exploit the high-privilege code paths that perform OS command execution.

References