Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-66178

HighRCE

Published: 10 March 2026

Published
10 March 2026
Modified
12 March 2026
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score 7.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0004 10.9th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-66178 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Fortinet Fortiweb. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 10.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique.
Threat & Defense Details

Likely Mitigating ControlsAI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

OS command injection in a public-facing web appliance directly enables remote exploitation (T1190) and arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiWeb 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, FortiWeb 7.0.0 through 7.0.12 may allow an…

more

authenticated attacked to execute arbitrary commands via a specialy crafted HTTP request.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-66178 is an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command, classified as an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78), affecting Fortinet FortiWeb versions 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, and 7.0.0 through 7.0.12. Published on 2026-03-10, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

An authenticated attacker with high privileges (PR:H) can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity by crafting a malicious HTTP request. Successful exploitation enables the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the affected FortiWeb appliance.

For mitigation guidance, including patches and workarounds, refer to the Fortinet PSIRT advisory FG-IR-26-088 at https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-088.

Details

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Affected Products

fortinet
fortiweb
7.0.0 — 7.0.13 · 7.2.0 — 7.2.13 · 7.4.0 — 7.4.12

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References