Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-66178

RCE in Fortinet Fortiweb 7.0.0 – 7.0.13

RCECommand Injection
Published
10 March 2026
Modified
12 March 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.017 75th percentile
Risk Priority 56 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-66178 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Fortinet Fortiweb. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 25% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-66178 is an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command, classified as an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78), affecting Fortinet FortiWeb versions 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, and 7.0.0 through 7.0.12. Published on 2026-03-10, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts.

An authenticated attacker with high privileges (PR:H) can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity by crafting a malicious HTTP request. Successful exploitation enables the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the affected FortiWeb appliance.

For mitigation guidance, including patches and workarounds, refer to the Fortinet PSIRT advisory FG-IR-26-088 at https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-088.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiWeb 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, FortiWeb 7.0.0 through 7.0.12 may allow an…

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authenticated attacked to execute arbitrary commands via a specialy crafted HTTP request.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-23777Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-50567Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2023-23779Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2025-47857Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2025-27759Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2021-22123Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2025-58034Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-50569Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-55597Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb
CVE-2024-55593Same product: Fortinet Fortiweb

Affected Assets

fortinet
fortiweb
7.0.0 — 7.0.13 · 7.2.0 — 7.2.13 · 7.4.0 — 7.4.12

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

CM-7 Least Functionality partial match

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References