Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-66490

Traefik ≤ 2.11.32

Public PoC
Published
09 December 2025
Modified
06 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 6.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0038 31th percentile
Risk Priority 41 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-66490 is a medium-severity Interpretation Conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in Traefik Traefik. Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 31th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. For versions prior to 2.11.32 and 2.11.31 through 3.6.2, requests using PathPrefix, Path or PathRegex matchers can bypass path normalization. When Traefik uses path-based routing, requests containing URL-encoded restricted characters (/,…

more

\, Null, ;, ?, #) can bypass the middleware chain and reach unintended backends. For example, a request to http://mydomain.example.com/admin%2F could reach service-a without triggering my-security-middleware, bypassing security controls for the /admin/ path. This issue is fixed in versions 2.11.32 and 3.6.3.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-39321Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2025-47952Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2026-65600Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2025-32431Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2025-54386Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2026-29054Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2026-41181Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2025-66491Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2026-53622Same product: Traefik Traefik
CVE-2026-48020Same product: Traefik Traefik

Affected Assets

traefik
traefik
≤ 2.11.32 · 3.0.0 — 3.6.3

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover cases where two products interpret the same inputs or state transitions differently.

Strict, consistently applied input validation reduces the chance that one product will accept data the other product rejects or interprets differently.

Applying security engineering principles during design can require unambiguous protocol and data-format specifications that eliminate divergent interpretations between products.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly reduce the chance of introducing parser or state-machine inconsistencies.

DE.AE-03 partial match
prevents

Correlating logs from multiple products can surface discrepancies caused by interpretation conflicts.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software behavior can detect adverse outcomes stemming from differing interpretations.

GV.SC-07 partial match
prevents

Supplier risk assessments can identify products whose differing interpretations create systemic exposure.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect and correct cases where one component misinterprets another’s state or messages.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle can require consistent interface contracts and canonicalization rules that reduce interpretation conflicts between components.

prevents

Explicit application security requirements can mandate unambiguous protocol and data-format specifications that prevent divergent interpretations.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include well-defined component boundaries and shared data models that limit conflicting state perceptions.

prevents

Secure coding standards can enforce canonical input handling and strict protocol compliance to avoid misinterpretation between products.

References