Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-67165 is a critical-severity Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639) vulnerability in Pagekit Pagekit. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 37th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-24 (Access Control Decisions) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-67165 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability, mapped to CWE-639, affecting Pagekit CMS version 1.0.18. Published on 2025-12-17, it enables attackers to escalate privileges through improper handling of direct object references within the CMS.
The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), making it exploitable by unauthenticated attackers over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation allows privilege escalation, granting high-impact access to confidential data (C:H), integrity modifications (I:H), and availability disruptions (A:H) without changing the scope.
Mitigation details and further analysis are available in the referenced advisories, including the vulnerability research repository at https://github.com/mbiesiad/vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-67165, Pagekit documentation on user permissions (https://github.com/pagekit/docs/blob/develop/user-interface/users.md#permissions) and roles (https://github.com/pagekit/docs/blob/develop/user-interface/users.md#roles), and the official Pagekit repository (https://github.com/pagekit/pagekit).
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-203905
Vulnerability Data
An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in Pagekit CMS v1.0.18 allows attackers to escalate privileges.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Enforcing approved authorizations on every access request structurally stops a user-controlled key from reaching another user's data.
Requiring explicit access-control decisions on each request blocks unauthorized key-driven access.
Least-privilege restrictions limit the scope of data reachable even if a key check is bypassed.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Enforcing authorization policy and least privilege directly blocks user-controlled key tampering that bypasses access checks.
Logical access controls prevent unauthorized data access that results from missing authorization checks on object references.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect missing authorization checks but does not prevent the weakness in production.
Information access restriction explicitly enforces that users may only retrieve data they are authorized to see, directly addressing user-controlled key bypass.
Access control policy directly requires enforcement of authorization rules that prevent unauthorized access via manipulated keys.
Managing access rights includes ensuring users can only access their own records and not bypass authorization by altering identifiers.
Privileged access rights control restricts what data each user may access, mitigating direct object reference attacks.
Secure development lifecycle includes authorization design but does not itself implement runtime access checks.