Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-69690

RCE in Pfsense 2.7.2

Public PoCRCEDeserialization
Published
08 May 2026
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0063 47th percentile
Risk Priority 59 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-69690 is a critical-severity Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502) vulnerability in Pfsense Pfsense. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 47th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-6 (Least Privilege) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.2 allows code execution by using the module installer with a backup file with a serialized PHP object containing the post_reboot_commands property. NOTE: the Supplier disputes this because this installer is only available to admins and they…

more

are intentionally allowed to execute PHP code.

CWE(s)
CWE-502CWE-915

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1098 Account Manipulation Persistence
Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain and/or elevate access to victim systems.
attack.mitre.org →
T1098.001 Additional Cloud Credentials Persistence
Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.
attack.mitre.org →
T1098.003 Additional Cloud Roles Persistence
An adversary may add additional roles or permissions to an adversary-controlled cloud account to maintain persistent access to a tenant.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-69691Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2023-29975Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-34176Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-34173Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-53392Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2021-41282Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-34174Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-34172Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-34177Same product: Pfsense Pfsense
CVE-2025-34178Same product: Pfsense Pfsense

Affected Assets

pfsense
pfsense
2.7.2

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

Enforces authorizations so that only permitted attributes may be modified on an object.

AC-6 Least Privilege good match

Limits the set of modifiable attributes a subject is authorized to touch.

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can uncover deserialization flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops deserialization of untrusted data by ensuring inputs are valid before processing.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Engineering principles such as safe deserialization and input sanitization structurally prevent the weakness from being introduced.

SI-7 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity partial match

Integrity verification tools can detect malformed or tampered serialized data after the fact.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require allow-listing of mutable object attributes and input validation to block mass-assignment flaws.

PR.PS-02 none match
prevents

PR.PS-02 addresses only post-deployment updates/patching and cannot prevent introduction of unsafe deserialization code, yet it can remediate some instances when the flaw exists in outdated libraries or components.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe dynamic attribute assignment and require property allow-lists.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing includes validation of deserialization routines and the use of untrusted data, reducing the likelihood that unsafe object reconstruction will be deployed.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle requires input validation and object-property whitelisting that directly mitigates mass-assignment risks.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements include explicit rules for allowable object attributes and safe deserialization.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles mandate strict control over dynamic object modification and attribute binding.

A.8.3 Information access restriction partial match
prevents

Information access restriction limits who can modify objects but does not address which attributes may be changed.

References