CVE-2025-69902

CriticalRCEUpdated

Published: 16 March 2026

Published

16 March 2026

Modified

27 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0035 57.7th percentile

Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-69902 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Ahnlab (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 42.3% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as AI Agent Protocols and Integrations; in the Protocol-Specific Risks risk domain.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

SI-10 requires input validation at entry points, directly preventing injection of shell metacharacters into commands executed by minimal_wrapper.py.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

SI-2 mandates timely identification, reporting, and correction of flaws like CVE-2025-69902 to eliminate the command injection vulnerability.

RA-5 Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning partial match

detect

RA-5 provides vulnerability scanning to detect the presence of CVE-2025-69902 in kubectl-mcp-server deployments.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Command injection in a remote server component (kubectl-mcp-server) enables unauthenticated remote code execution via public-facing application exploitation (T1190) and arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

A command injection vulnerability in the minimal_wrapper.py component of kubectl-mcp-server v1.2.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via injecting arbitrary shell metacharacters.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-69902 is a command injection vulnerability in the minimal_wrapper.py component of kubectl-mcp-server version 1.2.0. The flaw allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting shell metacharacters. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is classified under CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')).

The vulnerability enables remote exploitation over the network with low attack complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction and maintaining an unchanged scope. Attackers can achieve high-impact effects on confidentiality, integrity, and availability through arbitrary command execution on affected systems.

Mitigation details are available in advisories and project resources, including the AhnLab security advisory at https://asec.ahnlab.com/ko/92922/, the GitHub repository at https://github.com/rohitg00/kubectl-mcp-server, the vulnerable source file at https://github.com/rohitg00/kubectl-mcp-server/blob/main/kubectl_mcp_tool/minimal_wrapper.py, and the PyPI package page for kubectl-mcp-tool at https://pypi.org/project/kubectl-mcp-tool.