Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-70028 is a high-severity Path Traversal (CWE-22) vulnerability in Sunbird Sunbirded-Portal. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 34th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-70028 is a path traversal vulnerability (CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory) discovered in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal version 1.13.4. Published on 2026-03-09, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), indicating high severity primarily due to its potential for significant availability disruption.
Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low attack complexity and without requiring user interaction. Exploitation allows denial-of-service impacts, such as crashing services or causing resource exhaustion, while confidentiality and integrity remain unaffected due to the lack of C or I impact in the CVSS vector.
Mitigation details and advisories are referenced in the following resources: https://gist.github.com/zcxlighthouse/5efe962621a260331fc95ccbfb7f9e7f, https://github.com/Sunbird-Ed, and https://github.com/Sunbird-Ed/SunbirdEd-portal. Security practitioners should review these for patch availability or workarounds specific to the affected component.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-208454
Vulnerability Data
An issue pertaining to CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') was discovered in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal v1.13.4.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V5.3.2
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Enforces the intended directory access authorizations that path traversal would otherwise bypass.
Input validation directly neutralizes special path elements before pathname construction occurs.
Least privilege reduces the impact of any unauthorized file access obtained via traversal.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Patching/maintenance can remediate known path-traversal flaws in deployed software (partial prevention of exploitability) but does nothing to stop the coding defect from being introduced in the first place.
PR.AA-05 defines and reviews access policies but does not address code-level pathname neutralization, so neither direction prevents CWE-22.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing in development catches path traversal via static/dynamic analysis.
Secure SDLC mandates input validation and path sanitization that directly prevent path traversal.
Application security requirements include rules for safe file handling and canonicalization.
Secure architecture principles require least-privilege file access and directory isolation.
Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe path construction and mandate safe APIs.
Information access restriction limits which files an application may read or write.