Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-7850

Command Injection in Tp-Link Er8411 Firmware ≤ 1.3.3

Published
21 October 2025
Modified
24 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 9.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.020 78th percentile
Risk Priority 34 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-7850 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Tp-Link Er8411 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 22% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-7850 is a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) affecting Omada gateways. The flaw is present in the web portal component and can be reached only after an administrator has authenticated.

An attacker with administrative credentials on an adjacent network can supply crafted input that results in arbitrary command execution. Successful exploitation yields high impact to device confidentiality, integrity, and availability, along with limited impact beyond the vulnerable component.

Vendor advisories and firmware updates addressing the issue are referenced in Omada Networks support documentation and related product pages.

The EPSS score rose from a low baseline of 0.0066 to a peak of 0.0194 on 2026-02-20 before receding, indicating post-disclosure exploitation interest that later subsided.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication on the web portal on Omada gateways.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-6541Same product: Tp-Link Er605
CVE-2025-6542Same product: Tp-Link Er605
CVE-2023-43482Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-36498Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-42664Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-46683Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-47209Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-47617Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-47167Same product: Tp-Link Er7206
CVE-2023-47618Same product: Tp-Link Er7206

Affected Assets

tp-link
er8411 firmware
1.3.3 · ≤ 1.3.3
tp-link
er7412-m2 firmware
1.1.0 · ≤ 1.1.0
tp-link
er707-m2 firmware
1.3.1 · ≤ 1.3.1
tp-link
er7206 firmware
2.2.2 · ≤ 2.2.2
tp-link
er605 firmware
2.3.1 · ≤ 2.3.1
tp-link
er706w firmware
1.2.1 · ≤ 1.2.1
tp-link
er706w-4g firmware
1.2.1 · ≤ 1.2.1
tp-link
er7212pc firmware
2.1.3 · ≤ 2.1.3
tp-link
g36 firmware
1.1.4 · ≤ 1.1.4
tp-link
g611 firmware
1.2.2 · ≤ 1.2.2
+3 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References